NTSB CAROL · Event
Event ANC95LA010
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
THE PILOT'S INADEQUATE COMPENSATION FOR CROSSWIND CONDITIONS. A CROSSWIND AND ICY RUNWAY CONDITIONS WERE FACTORS IN THE ACCIDENT.
Factual narrative
On November 12, 1994, at approximately 1550 Alaska standard time, a wheel equipped Cessna Model 172 airplane, N6322D, operated by Ryan Air Service, Inc. collided with terrain during the landing rollout on runway 29 at the Bethel Airport, Bethel, Alaska. The commercial certificated pilot and his two revenue passengers, the sole occupants, were not injured and the airplane sustained substantial damage. The 14 CFR Part 135 on-demand flight last departed Akiak, Alaska at 1529 and the intended destination was Bethel. The pilot reported that special VFR conditions prevailed in the control zone and that the flight was on a company VFR flight plan. The pilot reported that during the landing flare, he noticed the airplane begin to drift off the final approach course. After touchdown, the airplane bounced and then settled onto the runway. The airplane skidded off the edge of the ice covered, snow packed runway adjacent to taxiway F, and the horizontal stabilizer struck a snow berm. The runway braking action was reported by the pilot as poor to nil. The substantial damage/accident assessment was reported to the NTSB on November 18, 1994, by an FAA airworthiness inspector. At 1550 hours weather observation at Bethel was reporting in part: Sky condition, partially obscured, measured ceiling, 900 feet overcast; visibility, 1 mile in blowing snow and fog; temperature, 19 degrees F; dew point, 17 degrees F; wind, 310 degrees at 18 knots, gusts to 25 knots; altimeter, 29.64 inHg; remarks, blowing snow obscuring 2/10ths of the sky. The pilot reported that at touchdown, the winds were 250 degrees at 25 knots. THE PILOT WAS LANDING IN A CROSSWIND AT THE CONCLUSION OF AN ON-DEMAND CHARTER FLIGHT WITH 2 PASSENGERS. THE AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER WAS REPORTING A 20 DEGREE CROSSWIND AND THE RUNWAY WAS COVERED WITH ICE AND SNOW. DURING THE LANDING FLARE, THE PILOT NOTED THAT THE AIRCRAFT WAS DRIFTING OFF OF THE APPROACH COURSE. THE AIRPLANE BOUNCED AND THEN SETTLED ONTO THE RUNWAY AND RAN OFF THE EDGE OF THE RUNWAY NEAR THE END. THE HORIZONTAL STABILIZER WAS DAMAGED WHEN IT STRUCK A SNOW BERM. THE PILOT REPORTED THAT THE BRAKING ACTION WAS POOR TO NIL AND AT TOUCHDOWN, THE CROSSWIND WAS ABOUT 40 DEGREES AT 25 KNOTS. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1994_ANC95LA010.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
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Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type. Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Conference Paper
Crash Testing and Simulation of a Cessna 172 Aircraft: Pitch Down Impact Onto Soft Soil
During the summer of 2015, NASA Langley Research Center conducted three full-scale crash tests of Cessna 172 (C-172) aircraft at the NASA Langley Landing and Impact Research (LandIR) Facility.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Technical Memorandum (TM)
Simulating the Impact Response of Three Full-Scale Crash Tests of Cessna 172 Aircraft
During the summer of 2015, a series of three full-scale crash tests were performed at the Landing and Impact Research Facility located at NASA Langley Research Center of Cessna 172 aircraft.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2023 · Conference paper
Validation of Training Satisfaction Survey
The Training Satisfaction Survey (TSS) was developed as part of a larger project to examine the features of Virtual Reality software and supporting devices as a training program on visual illusions an…
- Semantic Scholar 2021 · Article (Data in Brief)
Cockpit voice recorder transcript data: Capturing safety voice and safety listening during historic aviation accidents
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) transcripts capture audio data within cockpit environments. This aids the investigation of causal factors contributing to aviation accidents by revealing communication and…
- Semantic Scholar 2021 · Article (Safety Science)
Safety voice and safety listening during aviation accidents: Cockpit voice recordings reveal that speaking-up to power is not enough
Abstract Safety voice is theorised as an important factor for mitigating accidents, but behavioural research during actual hazards has been scant.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2021 · Journal article (JAAER)
Can Backward-Chained, Ab-Initio Pilot Training Decrease Time to First Solo?
Flight simulation has made progressively significant inroads into pilot training at all levels of a pilot’s career – typically starting with training for the Instrument rating in light aircraft and co…
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