NTSB CAROL · Event
Event CEN16LA189
Registry · N192CS
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
PIPER PA-31P
Year of manufacture
1973 · 43 years old at event
Engine
LYCOMING TIGO-541SER (400 hp)
Seats / Engines
8 seats · 2 engines
Last airworthiness date
19730417
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S A16FDC
Registrant of record
DODSON INTERNATIONAL PARTS INC
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear due to his distraction with the flaps, his misinterpretation of the landing gear warning horn, and his failure to verify that the landing gear were down, which resulted in a landing with the gear retracted.
Factual narrative
On April 30, 2016, about 0930 central daylight time (CDT), a Piper PA-31 airplane, N192CS, landed with its gear retracted at Skylark Field Airport (KILE), Killeen, Texas. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage frame and stringers. The private pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. The airplane was registered to Bunkie Bird, LLC and was operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a business flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, and no instrument flight rules flight plan was filed. According to the pilot, the weather reported on the automated terminal information system stated that there were 1,200 ft ceilings. However, when he took off he noticed "considerable weather" along his intended route of flight . He contacted approach control and stated that he wanted to return to his departure airport to "wait out the weather." On approach, the pilot lowered the flaps to 15° to slow the airplane to within "gear down speed." He noticed that the flaps continued past 15° and he took his hand off the landing gear lever and raised the flaps back up to the fully retracted position. The pilot had overshot the runway on his turn to final. As he attempted to align the airplane with the runway centerline he heard a warning horn and thought it was the stall warning horn. He then landed on the runway with the landing gear retracted. After the accident, the pilot stated he had mistaken the gear up warning horn for the stall warning horn. The pilot also said he did not visually check the landing gear indicator lights or look at the mirrors to verify the landing gear was down. The pilot had departed on the business flight but decided to return to the airport to wait for the weather to improve. He indicated that, on approach, he lowered the flaps to 15° to slow the airplane to within "gear down speed." The pilot noticed that the flaps continued past 15°, and he took his hand off the landing gear lever and raised the flaps back up to the fully retracted position. The pilot overshot the runway on the turn to final. As he attempted to align the airplane with the runway centerline, he heard a warning horn, which he thought was the stall warning horn. He then landed on the runway with the landing gear retracted, which resulted in substantial damage to the fuselage frame and stringers. After the accident, the pilot stated he had mistaken the gear-up warning horn for the stall warning horn. The pilot also said he did not visually check the landing gear indicator lights or look at the mirrors to verify the landing gear was down. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12
NTSB Findings
Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).
- C Personnel issues-Action/decision-Action-Forgotten action/omission-Pilot - C
- C Personnel issues-Action/decision-Info processing/decision-Identification/recognition-Pilot - C
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2016_CEN16LA189.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (stall). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2026 · Conference Paper
Computational Analysis of Steady State Aerodynamics of Transonic Truss-Braced Wing Configuration in Deep Stall
This study presents a computational investigation of steady state aerodynamics of the Subsonic Ultra-Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) Transonic Truss-Braced Wing (TTBW) configuration over a wide range …
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Automating Bird Diverter Installation through Multi-Aerial Robots and Signal Temporal Logic Specifications
This paper tackles the task assignment and trajectory generation problem for bird diverter installation using a fleet of multi-rotors.
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Variation of Critical Crystallization Pressure for the Formation of Square Ice in Graphene Nanocapillaries
Two-dimensional square ice in graphene nanocapillaries at room temperature is a fascinating phenomenon and has been confirmed experimentally.
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Polycrystallinity enhances stress build-up around ice
Damage caused by freezing wet, porous materials is a widespread problem, but is hard to predict or control. Here, we show that polycrystallinity makes a great difference to the stress build-up process…
- arXiv 2022 · arXiv preprint
Enhanced Prediction of Three-dimensional Finite Iced Wing Separated Flow Near Stall
Icing on three-dimensional wings causes severe flow separation near stall. Standard improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) is unable to correctly predict the separating reattaching flow due…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2021 · Journal article (JAAER)
Analysis on the Negative Emotional, Physiological, and Cognitive Responses Elicited from of the Activation of a Stall Alarm
Failing to identify an aerodynamic stall can lead to the inability of an aircraft to sustain flight. To warn pilots of an impending or fully-developed stall, many aircraft have safety devices installe…
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