DEN89IA067
1989-01-22 · SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, United States · None · 1 aircraft · Status: Completed
Airport SLC
N712PC has since been reassigned. It is now registered to a different aircraft (ROBINSON HELICOPTER R44 II, built 2004), which was not involved in this event.
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND'S ATTEMPT TO ALIGN THE AIRPLANE WITH THE RUNWAY AT AN ALTITUDE INSUFFICIENT FOR SAFE MANEUVERING, RESULTING IN THE NO. 1 ENGINE STRIKING THE RUNWAY. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS INCLUDE OBSCURED VISIBILITY DUE TO FOG, THE CAPTAIN'S LOSS OF DEPTH PERCEPTION, AND PILOT FATIGUE DUE TO DISRUPTED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.
Factual narrative
PLT WAS EXECUTING CATEGORY I ILS APCH TO RWY 34L AFTER FLYING FROM HON TO SLC. PLT SAID HE 'CAME OFF GAUGES' AT 300 FT AGL EXPECTING TO SEE RWY BUT DIDN'T. AT 200 FT AGL, HE SAW RWY 150 FT TO LEFT BUT LOST ALL DEPTH PERCEPTION. PLT CONSIDERED EXECUTING MISSED APCH BUT FELT HE COULD ALIGN ACFT WITH RWY WITH ALT REMAINING. WHILE MANEUVERING, NO. 1 ENG STRUCK RWY, LEAVING 50-60 FT LONG, 1-INCH DEEP GOUGE. IN PREVIOUS 30 HR PERIOD, PLT HAD BEEN ON DUTY 18 HRS, 30 MIN, AND HAD FLOWN 13 HRS, 25 MIN. HE HAD BEEN OFF DUTY 11 HRS, 24 MIN, BUT HAD SLEPT ONLY 1 HR. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1989_DEN89IA067.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
Matched on aircraft type or causal vocabulary (pilot fatigue). All research papers
- Semantic Scholar 2025 · Article (Italian National Conference on Sensors) ASFT-Transformer: A Fast and Accurate Framework for EEG-Based Pilot Fatigue Recognition
Objective evaluation of pilot fatigue is crucial for enhancing aviation safety. Although electroencephalography (EEG) is regarded as an effective tool for recognizing pilot fatigue, the direct applica…
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2023 · SKYbrary article Pilot Fatigue — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary pilot fatigue review — circadian biology, biomathematical models (SAFE/FAID), commuting impacts, regulatory frameworks (FAR 117 + EU 83/2014).
- NASA NTRS 2023 · Presentation Nasa Pilot Fatigue Research: Past, Present & Future
Pilot fatigue research at NASA Ames has a long history, initiated by a Congressional request to investigate the magnitude of fatigue, sleep loss and circadian disruption in flight operations, and how …
- Semantic Scholar 2023 · Article (Frontiers in Public Health) Pilot fatigue survey: A study of the mutual influence among fatigue factors in the “work” dimension
Background Fatigue risk management for pilots has received increasing attention. The existing fatigue management systems have detailed descriptions of the factors and the mutual influences among the f…
- FAA CAMI 2022 · CAMI technical report Pilot Fatigue and Sleep Patterns in Long-Range and Ultra-Long-Range Operations
Field study of crew sleep and alertness during ultra-long-range commercial operations. Combines actigraphy, sleep diaries, and PVT-B reaction tests.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Technical Memorandum (TM) San Francisco Bar Pilot Fatigue Study
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of fatigue among San Francisco Bar Pilots (Maritime Pilots) and its potential impact on safety, and to make recommendations concerning how the risk…