NTSB CAROL · Event
Event ERA11CA227
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The pilot's inadequate flare during the gusty crosswind landing, which resulted in a hard landing.
Factual narrative
According to the pilot, he approached runway 4 once and performed a go-around due to the wind conditions. The second approach to the runway was higher than usual; therefore, the pilot increased the rate of descent in order to land in the crosswind and gusting conditions. The airplane impacted the runway and bounced, then veered off the side of the runway, and came to rest in the reverse direction of travel. The accident sequence resulted in substantial damage to the right wing and fuselage. The pilot reported there were no mechanical anomalies with the airplane. The winds reported at an airport 15 miles south of the accident location, about the time of the accident, were from 330 degrees at 10 knots, gusting to 16 knots. According to the pilot, he approached runway 4 once and performed a go-around due to the wind conditions. The second approach to the runway was higher than usual; therefore, the pilot increased the rate of descent in order to land in the crosswind and gusting wind conditions. The airplane impacted the runway and bounced, veered off the side of the runway, and came to rest in the reverse direction of travel. The accident sequence resulted in substantial damage to the right wing and fuselage. The pilot reported there were no mechanical anomalies with the airplane. The wind reported at an airport 15 miles south of the accident location, about the time of the accident, was from 330 degrees at 10 knots, gusting to 16 knots. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12
NTSB Findings
Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).
- C Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Landing flare-Not attained/maintained - C
- C Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Aircraft control-Pilot - C
- F Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Wind-Crosswind-Effect on operation - F
- F Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Wind-Gusts-Effect on operation - F
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2011_ERA11CA227.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (go-around). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2025 · Conference Paper
A Training Study to Improve Monitoring During A Go-Around
As part of an FAA program to improve go-around (GA) safety, we were asked to determine if we could improve the performance of the Pilot Monitoring (PM) during a GA maneuver.
- Flight Safety Foundation 2024 · FSF / AeroSafety World
Go-Around Safety Forum Findings
Foundation Go-Around Safety Forum technical findings — examines why pilots fail to execute go-arounds when criteria are met (stabilized approach gate not met, energy state out of envelope, traffic con…
- Semantic Scholar 2022 · Article (Journal of Safety Research)
Go-around accidents and general aviation safety.
INTRODUCTION Changes in General Aviation (GA) accident rates, specifically in the go-around phase, are examined by comparing the number of accidents, the proportion of fatal accidents, and the proport…
- Semantic Scholar 2021 · Article (Aerospace)
Classification and Analysis of Go-Arounds in Commercial Aviation Using ADS-B Data
Go-arounds are a necessary aspect of commercial aviation and are conducted after a landing attempt has been aborted. It is necessary to conduct go-arounds in the safest possible manner, as go-arounds …
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Accepted Manuscript (Version with final changes)
Go-Around Criteria Refinement for Transport Category Aircraft
Presently, airline pilots are trained to go around if, when lower than 500 ft above the ground, they are outside of a handful of parameters such as airspeed, position, and rate of descent.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Conference Paper
Validation of Proposed Go-Around Criteria Under Various Environmental Conditions
This paper evaluates the effects of environmental conditions on touchdown performance under varying approach states and validates proposed go-around criteria developed using data from a previously con…
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