NTSB CAROL · Event
Event LAX99LA046
Registry · N9320N
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
PIPER PA-28R-200
Year of manufacture
1969 · 29 years old at event
Engine
LYCOMING I0360 SER (180 hp)
Seats / Engines
4 seats · 1 engine
Last airworthiness date
19690122
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S ACEF7C
Registrant of record
EAGLE AVIATION INC
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
Failure of the instructor pilot to maintain directional control and properly supervise the landing. A contributing factor was the unavailability of brakes on the instructor's side (the right side) of the airplane.
Factual narrative
On December 11, 1998, at 1600 hours mountain standard time, a Piper PA-28R-200, N9320N, veered off the right side of runway 6R and struck a ditch on the landing rollout at Ryan Field, Tucson, Arizona. The airplane, operated under 14 CFR Part 91, sustained substantial damage. The flight instructor and the private pilot/owner were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions existed for the local instructional flight that had originated at 1530. No flight plan was filed. In the instructor's written statement he reported that the purpose of the flight was to conduct a proficiency check for the private pilot. He stated that he was demonstrating a soft field landing. The instructor reported that the airplane was in a nose-high configuration and he was not applying brakes (as brakes are not available on the right side of this model) on the landing rollout. He stated that he felt a "sudden abrupt veering to the right - unable to get longitudinal control (no brakes on right side of arrow)." The airplane veered off the runway, the gear collapsed, and they exited the airplane without injury. No mechanical anomalies were noted with the airplane or engine by the instructor pilot. In a subsequent interview with a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector, the instructor and son of the pilot reported that the pilot had lost control of the airplane after landing, and that the instructor was not quick enough to respond to the situation. The instructor felt that the pilot panicked and continued to apply incorrect inputs into the steering and brakes to control the airplane. An FAA inspector reviewed the maintenance logbook and found no discrepancies. He further examined the landing gear and braking system, and found no abnormalities that may have contributed to the accident. The purpose of the flight was to conduct a proficiency check. The flight instructor demonstrated a soft field landing from the right seat. On the landing rollout the airplane veered to the right. The airplane was configured with left-hand toe brakes only. Brakes on the right side are optional, and this particular airplane did not come equipped with right side brakes. He was unable to regain control of the airplane and it continued off of the runway and the gear collapsed. The flight instructor felt that the student pilot panicked and he did not respond quickly enough to the situation. He believed that the pilot continued to apply incorrect inputs into the steering and brakes to control the airplane. The airplane's landing gear and braking system were inspected, as well as the airplane maintenance logs, no discrepancies were noted. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1998_LAX99LA046.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (maintenance). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2026 · Journal article (IJAAA)
From Reactive to Predictive: A hybrid Trust-Mediated Adoption Framework for Data-Driven Maintenance in Distributed-Authority Aviation Environments
Modern aviation maintenance operates within increasingly data-intensive technological environments, yet the operational integration of predictive maintenance into routine decision-making remains incon…
- Semantic Scholar 2025 · Article (Applied Sciences)
Decision-Making Framework for Aviation Safety in Predictive Maintenance Strategies
The implementation of predictive maintenance (PM) in aviation presents unique challenges due to strict safety requirements, complex operational environments, and regulatory constraints.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2024 · Journal article (JAAER)
Low-Resource Automatic Speech Recognition Domain Adaptation – A Case-Study in Aviation Maintenance
With timeliness and efficiency being critical in the aviation maintenance industry, the need has been growing for smart technological solutions that optimize and streamline the different underlying ta…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2024 · Journal article (JAAER)
A New Trajectory in UAV Safety: Leveraging Reinforcement Learning for Distance Maintenance Under Wind Variations
In the field of aviation, safety is a critical cornerstone, and the operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems is deeply connected with this principle.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2024 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Just Culture in Aviation: A Metaphorical Study on Aircraft Maintenance Students
Just Culture, a sub-dimension of safety culture, has been a prominent and debated topic in aviation safety in recent years.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2024 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Performance PRISM: A Comprehensive Framework For Performance Measurement In Aircraft Maintenance
Aircraft maintenance is governed by rigorous safety requirements and high operational complexity, demanding robust performance measurement frameworks to ensure optimal maintenance practices.
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗