NTSB CAROL · Event
Event NYC95LA087
Registry · N602PC
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
PIPER PA-28-181
Year of manufacture
1979 · 16 years old at event
Engine
LYCOMING O&VO-360 SER (180 hp)
Seats / Engines
4 seats · 1 engine
Last airworthiness date
19790710
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S A7CFF5
Registrant of record
J & P AVIATION LLC
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
THE PILOT'S DELAY IN INITIATING A GO-AROUND (ABORTED LANDING) AND FAILURE TO ASSURE THAT THE FLAPS WERE PROPERLY RESET FOR THE GO-AROUND. FACTORS RELATING TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO ACHIEVE THE PROPER TOUCHDOWN POINT FOR LANDING, THE WET RUNWAY CONDITION, AND THE PROXIMITY OF TREE(S) TO THE RUNWAY.
Factual narrative
On April 12, 1995, at 1327 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-60-602P, N602PC, owned and piloted by Robert L. Kovach, struck trees during an aborted landing at Danbury, Connecticut. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed, and the airplane was destroyed. The pilot and two passengers received serious injuries, and one passenger was fatally injured. The flight was operated on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan under 14 CFR Part 91. The flight originated at Dulles International Airport, in Washington, DC, destined for the Danbury Municipal Airport (DXR). The pilot executed the localizer runway 8 approach to Danbury. At 1325:26, the Danbury Control Tower transmitted, "Aerostar six zero two papa charlie Danbury Tower runway eight wind one two zero at five altimeter three zero two three cleared to land." This was acknowledged by the pilot. Controllers observed the airplane "dive" toward the runway, landing over halfway down the 4422 foot long, hard surface, wet runway. In the NTSB Accident report, the pilot stated: ...when I broke out, I went to full flaps and descended to the runway. I landed long and hot. I saw that the runway was wet and I was too far down the rwy to stop. I initiated a go-around by adding full power, reduced flaps to 20 degrees and maintained airspeed near 100 kts. There are hills surrounding DXR close in to airport. I saw that we were not going to clear the trees at about 150 feet AGL going up the hill. I waited until almost impact and pulled back on controls to soften impact by allowing bottom of aircraft to strike trees rather than nose first. The FAA reported that the wing flaps were in the fully retracted position, the wing flap handle was in the neutral position, and the hydraulic system was intact. The pilot reported to the FAA that he never touched the flap handle, and had requested the right seat passenger to reset the flaps. Additionally, he reported that there were no problems with the engines or airplane. FAA records revealed the pilot held a Private Pilot Certificate with single and multi-engine ratings. His instrument rating was limited to single engine airplanes. The right front seat passenger received serious injuries in the accident, was taken to a local hospital, and died of her injuries on May 1, 1995. The 1330 weather observation for Danbury was, ceiling 500 feet overcast, visibility 1 1/2 miles, wind from 100 degrees, at 7 knots. AFTER MAKING A LOCALIZER RUNWAY 8 APPROACH, THE PILOT LANDED OVER HALFWAY DOWN THE 4422' WET RUNWAY. HE THEN DECIDED TO ABORT THE LANDING, ADDED POWER, AND WHEN AIRBORNE, RETRACTED THE LANDING GEAR. HE SAID HE ASKED THE RIGHT FRONT SEAT (NON-RATED) PASSENGER TO RESET THE FLAPS (TO 20 DEGREES). THE PILOT SAW TREES AHEAD, AND REALIZED THE AIRPLANE WAS NOT GOING TO CLEAR THE OBSTACLES, THOUGH FULL POWER WAS APPLIED. JUST BEFORE IMPACT, HE PULLED BACK ON THE ELEVATOR CONTROL TO SOFTEN THE IMPACT, RATHER THAN HITTING THE TREES NOSE FIRST. AFTER THE ACCIDENT, THE WING FLAPS WERE FOUND IN THE RETRACTED POSITION. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1995_NYC95LA087.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (go-around). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2025 · Conference Paper
A Training Study to Improve Monitoring During A Go-Around
As part of an FAA program to improve go-around (GA) safety, we were asked to determine if we could improve the performance of the Pilot Monitoring (PM) during a GA maneuver.
- Flight Safety Foundation 2024 · FSF / AeroSafety World
Go-Around Safety Forum Findings
Foundation Go-Around Safety Forum technical findings — examines why pilots fail to execute go-arounds when criteria are met (stabilized approach gate not met, energy state out of envelope, traffic con…
- Semantic Scholar 2022 · Article (Journal of Safety Research)
Go-around accidents and general aviation safety.
INTRODUCTION Changes in General Aviation (GA) accident rates, specifically in the go-around phase, are examined by comparing the number of accidents, the proportion of fatal accidents, and the proport…
- Semantic Scholar 2021 · Article (Aerospace)
Classification and Analysis of Go-Arounds in Commercial Aviation Using ADS-B Data
Go-arounds are a necessary aspect of commercial aviation and are conducted after a landing attempt has been aborted. It is necessary to conduct go-arounds in the safest possible manner, as go-arounds …
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Accepted Manuscript (Version with final changes)
Go-Around Criteria Refinement for Transport Category Aircraft
Presently, airline pilots are trained to go around if, when lower than 500 ft above the ground, they are outside of a handful of parameters such as airspeed, position, and rate of descent.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Conference Paper
Validation of Proposed Go-Around Criteria Under Various Environmental Conditions
This paper evaluates the effects of environmental conditions on touchdown performance under varying approach states and validates proposed go-around criteria developed using data from a previously con…
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