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Atlas / NTSB / CEN12CA624

NTSB CAROL · Event

Event CEN12CA624

2012-09-11 Salina, Kansas, United States Airport · KSLN None 1 aircraft Status: Completed

Registry · N824KS

FAA Aircraft Registry record.

Make / Model

CESSNA 172R

Year of manufacture

1999 · 13 years old at event

Engine

LYCOMING I0360 SER (180 hp)

Seats / Engines

4 seats · 1 engine

Last airworthiness date

19990120

ADS-B equipped

Yes — Mode-S AB40A9

Registrant of record

PLANELEASE LLC

Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).

Aircraft involved

Probable cause & findings

The flight instructor's improper flare in gusty wind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing.

Factual narrative

The certificated flight instructor (CFI) and student pilot were practicing takeoff and landings. After performing a stop-and-go on the 4,300 foot long runway, the CFI pulled the engine back to idle to demonstrate a simulated engine-out landing to the student pilot. The CFI reported that the airplane made a rapid descent from about 200 feet above ground level, he flared too high and the airplane landed hard on the runway. The CFI stated that the wind was 10 degrees from the runway heading, and gusting to 33 knots at the time. Substantial damage was sustained to the airplane's firewall. The CFI did not report any mechanical malfunctions prior to the accident. The flight instructor and student pilot were practicing takeoffs and landings. During the climb after a stop-and-go landing on the 4,300 foot long runway, the flight instructor reduced the engine power to idle to demonstrate a simulated engine-out landing to the student pilot. The flight instructor reported that the airplane made a rapid descent from about 200 feet above ground level, and then he flared too high; the airplane landed hard on the runway, substantially damaging the airplane’s firewall. The flight instructor stated that the wind at the time was from about 10 degrees left of the runway heading at 28 knots, gusting to 33 knots. The flight instructor reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12

NTSB Findings

Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).

  • C Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Landing flare-Incorrect use/operation - C
  • Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Wind-Gusts-Decision related to condition

Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file NTSB_2012_CEN12CA624.txt. Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb. Full investigation docket on data.ntsb.gov ↗.

Related research

What the literature says.

Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (icing). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.

Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗