NTSB CAROL · Event
Event CEN25LA329
Registry · N593TT
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
JMB AIRCRAFT S R O VL-3LSA-912
Year of manufacture
2023 · 2 years old at event
Engine
ROTAX 912ULS SERIES (100 hp)
Seats / Engines
2 seats · 1 engine
Last airworthiness date
20230714
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S A7AA47
Registrant of record
N593TT RENTAL LLC
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The flight instructors inadequate supervision of the flight and delayed remedial action and the pilot’s improper landing flare during which resulted in a hard landing.
Factual narrative
The pilot receiving instruction reported that the flight was a cross-country instructional flight in preparation for a commercial pilot certificate. The flight progressed uneventfully to several airports and returned to the original departure airport. The pilot and flight instructor discussed the approach to the airport and decided on a straight-in approach. When they descended to about 1,000 ft above ground level (agl), the turbulence intensified. The pilot flew the approach manually, at 60 to 65 kts., and maintained a stable glidepath using the precision approach path indicator (PAPI) to aid guidance. At 400 ft agl a rapid sink rate started and the pilot added power to regain the glideslope. When the airplane crossed the runway threshold, the pilot reduced engine power to idle and initiated a flare. A gust of wind caused momentary instability, and she called “go-around” and added power to initiate a go-around. Just as she did this, the flight instructor pulled aft on the control stick, but no positive transfer of control occurred. The airplane’s nose pitched up abruptly which resulted in a tail strike, aerodynamic stall, and right-wing drop. In an earlier telephone interview with the pilot, she said that during the landing approach, the autopilot was disengaged about 1,000 ft agl. Just as they were about to touch down, a gust of wind caused the approach to become unstable, and she applied power to go-around when the CFI took control of the airplane. She noted that she did not hear a “my airplane” command or similar. The CFI pulled back on the controls and she thinks the airplane stalled and it also struck the ground tail first. When asked if there were any mechanical problems with the airplane, she said there were not any. During a telephone interview with the flight instructor, he stated that the approach to the runway was a little “rocky” due to winds, and just as they were about to touch down, a gust of wind caused the airplane to balloon up. He said the pilot did not recover and he did not react quickly enough, and the airplane struck the runway. When asked if there were mechanical issues with the airplane, he said there were none. The flight instructor did not submit a written report of the accident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12
NTSB Findings
Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).
- — Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Landing flare-Not attained/maintained
- — Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Aircraft control-Pilot
- — Personnel issues-Action/decision-Action-Delayed action-Instructor/check pilot
- — Personnel issues-Psychological-Attention/monitoring-Monitoring other person-Instructor/check pilot
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2025_CEN25LA329.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (stall, go-around, turbulence, autopilot). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Reports 2021 · Accident report
Crash of Atlas Air Flight 3591, Boeing 767-300 (N1217A)
Atlas Air 3591 crashed into Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019. Investigation of the in-flight loss-of-control crash of Atlas Air 3591 into Trinity Bay, Texas.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2021 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Comparative Study on the Prediction of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Mini - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Turbulence Models
When dealing with CFD simulations the turbulent nature is seen on most of the engineering flows and these flows need to be solved.
- arXiv 2020 · arXiv preprint
Numerical Simulation of Iced Wing Using Separating Shear Layer Fixed Turbulence Models
Aerodynamic prediction of glaze ice accretion on airfoils and wing is studied using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Conference Paper
Prediction of stall and post-stall behavior of airfoils at low and high Reynolds numbers
An interactive boundary-layer method, together with the e(super n)-approach to the calculation of transition, has been used to predict the stall and post-stall behavior of airfoils at low and high Rey…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2019 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Low Level Turbulence Detection For Airports
Abstract—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2018 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Evaluating the Effect of Turbulence on Aircraft During Landing and Take-Off Phases
—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases.
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗