NTSB CAROL · Event
Event DCA20CA122
Registry · N226NN
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
EMBRAER S A ERJ 170-200 LR
Year of manufacture
2016 · 4 years old at event
Engine
GE CF34-8E5
Seats / Engines
88 seats · 2 engines
Last airworthiness date
20160304
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S A1F884
Registrant of record
AMERICAN AIRLINES INC
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
an encounter with convective turbulence.
Factual narrative
On July 9, 2020, at about 1500 central daylight time, Envoy Airlines flight 3880, an Embraer 175, N226NN, encountered turbulence during descent into Chicago O’Hare International Airport (KORD), Chicago, Illinois. One flight attendant sustained serious injuries and one flight attendant sustained minor injuries. The airplane was not damaged. The regularly scheduled passenger flight was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 from El Paso International Airport (KELP), El Paso, Texas, to KORD. According to the flight crew, about 10 minutes prior to top of descent, they turned the seatbelt sign on after encountering a small pocket of light turbulence. Shortly after beginning the descent, the flight crew noticed cumulus clouds in the descent/approach path and the first officer (FO) called the flight attendants (FA) to notify them to expect turbulence during the descent. As the flight descended through about 15,000 feet and approaching several cumulus clouds, the FO again called the FAs and told them the flight would hit turbulence in about 60 seconds. Shortly after, when the flight was descending through about 12,500 feet, it encountered two sudden moderate turbulence “bumps”. According to the FAs, after being advised by the FO of the impending turbulence, FA 1 made a public address announcement to the passengers in preparation for landing. Both FAs were collecting trash and completing their compliance checks when the first turbulence hit the airplane, sending both FAs into the air and onto the floor. When the second turbulence event occurred a few seconds later, FA 2 was thrown almost to the ceiling and then onto an armrest, injuring her left arm. FA 2 had to remain on the cabin floor for the remainder of the flight due to her injuries. The flight crew declared an emergency and was given expedited vectors for landing. Paramedics met the airplane at the gate and FA 2 was transported to the hospital where she was diagnosed with a broken arm. FA 1 transported herself to the hospital after the flight and was examined and released with minor injuries. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12
NTSB Findings
Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).
- — Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Turbulence-Convective turbulence-Effect on personnel
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2020_DCA20CA122.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (turbulence). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- arXiv 2026 · arXiv preprint
Direct Numerical Simulations of Ice-Ocean Boundary Turbulence
Turbulent heat and freshwater transport at ice-ocean interfaces controls glacier and iceberg melt rates, yet the underlying physics remains poorly constrained.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
Political Turbulence and Aviation Safety: A Cross-National Analysis of Political Stability's Effects on Aviation Accidents
To what extent does political stability affect aviation safety? This research aims to link domestic political conditions and public safety through the consideration of aviation accident frequency.
- arXiv 2025 · arXiv preprint
Explainable LiDAR 3D Point Cloud Segmentation and Clustering for Detecting Airplane-Generated Wind Turbulence
Wake vortices - strong, coherent air turbulences created by aircraft - pose a significant risk to aviation safety and therefore require accurate and reliable detection methods.
- arXiv 2024 · arXiv preprint
Does small-scale turbulence matter for ice growth in mixed-phase clouds?
Representing the glaciation of mixed-phase clouds in terms of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process is a challenge for many weather and climate models, which tend to overestimate this process because…
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Effects of electrostatic interaction on clustering and collision of bidispersed inertial particles in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence
In sandstorms and thunderclouds, turbulence-induced collisions between solid particles and ice crystals lead to inevitable triboelectrification.
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2023 · SKYbrary article
Wake Vortex Turbulence — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary wake vortex turbulence comprehensive article — generation mechanics, dissipation factors, separation standards (ICAO LIGHT/MEDIUM/HEAVY/SUPER + recategorisation RECAT-EU).
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗