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Atlas / NTSB / GAA18CA221

NTSB CAROL · Event

Event GAA18CA221

2018-04-21 Iola, Wisconsin, United States Airport · 68C None 1 aircraft Status: Completed

Registry · N1807V

FAA Aircraft Registry record.

Make / Model

CESSNA 120

Year of manufacture

1947 · 71 years old at event

Engine

CONT MOTOR C85 SERIES (85 hp)

Seats / Engines

2 seats · 1 engine

Last airworthiness date

19560128

ADS-B equipped

Yes — Mode-S A1440D

Registrant of record

BUSHRE DAVID N

Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).

Aircraft involved

Probable cause & findings

The pilot’s decision to reject the takeoff from a snow-covered grass surface, which resulted in a nose-over.

Factual narrative

According to the pilot in the tailwheel-equipped airplane with 26" bush tires installed, his intent was to perform several ground runs to pack the wet snow-covered grass surface, and then takeoff. During the start of the first ground run, the airplane accelerated quickly, and the pilot decided to takeoff. He reported that he did not realize the airplane had become airborne, rather, he believed that the airplane had entered an area of deeper snow, and he "thought it would be safer and more conservative to stop." The pilot decreased the throttle to idle, the airplane decelerated and nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right-wing lift strut. Per the National Transportation Safety Board, Pilot Aircraft Accident Report, in the Recommendation section, the pilot asserted that the accident could have been prevented if he had, "assumed that the conditions were unacceptable as I could not ascertain with absolute certainty that the surface was acceptable." The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. According to the pilot in the tailwheel-equipped airplane with 26-inch bush tires installed, he intended to perform several ground runs to pack the wet, snow-covered grass surface and then take off. During the start of the first ground run, the airplane accelerated quickly, and the pilot decided to take off. He reported that he believed that the airplane had entered an area of deeper snow and "thought it would be safer and more conservative to stop." He did not realize the airplane had become airborne. The pilot decreased the throttle to idle, and the airplane then decelerated and nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right-wing lift strut. In the recommendation section of the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot Aircraft Accident Report, the pilot asserted that the accident could have been prevented if he had "assumed that the conditions were unacceptable as I could not ascertain with absolute certainty that the surface was acceptable." The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12

NTSB Findings

Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).

  • C Personnel issues-Action/decision-Info processing/decision-Decision making/judgment-Pilot - C
  • C Environmental issues-Physical environment-Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface-Snow/slush/ice covered surface-Effect on operation - C
  • Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Pitch control-Not attained/maintained

Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file NTSB_2018_GAA18CA221.txt. Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb. Full investigation docket on data.ntsb.gov ↗.

Related research

What the literature says.

Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (stall). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.

Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗