NTSB CAROL · Event
Event LAX93LA168
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
THE CFI'S INADEQUATE SUPERVISION OF THE FLIGHT AND DELAYING THE REMEDIAL ACTION. THE DUAL STUDENT'S IMPROPER USE OF THE BRAKES IS A FACTOR IN THIS ACCIDENT.
Factual narrative
On April 8, 1993, at about 1618 hours Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 152, N89022, experienced a loss of control during the landing roll on runway 30 at San Carlos Airport, San Carlos, California. The pilots were conducting a visual flight rules instructional flight. The airplane, operated by Palo Alto Flying Club, Palo Alto, California, sustained substantial damage. Neither the certificated airline transport pilot/flight instructor (CFI) nor the noncertificated student pilot was injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The flight originated at Palo Alto Airport (PAO), Palo Alto, California, at 1611 hours. Ms. Cynthia Jesch, aviation safety inspector, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), San Jose [California] Flight Standards District Office, reported that the flight was landing on runway 30 at PAO, during gusting wind conditions. During the landing roll the aircraft exited the left side of the runway and its horizontal stabilizer struck a sign. The CFI reported in the Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1/2, that the student pilot made a normal landing. On the landing roll-out, the local controller asked the flight where it was going to park. The CFI requested to taxi back for takeoff and was going to remain in the traffic pattern. Moments later, the airplane veered to the left and the CFI admonished the student to "watch your braking." The CFI indicated that the airplane "felt like he [the student] applied uneven braking application with excessive braking of the left brake." The CFI then stated that "...when it was clear that the student lost control [of the airplane] I took over and three (3) seconds later we were at a standstill on the taxiway. Unfortunately, in the interim, we had struck a runway sign with the right stabilizer..." THE STUDENT PILOT LANDED THE AIRPLANE UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF A CERTIFIED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR (CFI). THE AIRPLANE LANDED NORMALLY, BUT DURING THE LANDING ROLL-OUT THE STUDENT APPLIED UNEVEN BRAKING AND THE AIRPLANE EXITED THE RUNWAY AND COLLIDED WITH A RUNWAY SIGN. THE CFI ADMONISHED THE STUDENT TO WATCH THE UNEVEN BRAKING APPLICATION, BUT DID NOT ASSUME THE CONTROLS UNITL IT WAS EVIDENT TO HIM THAT THE STUDENT LOST CONTROL OF THE AIRPLANE. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1993_LAX93LA168.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
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Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (loss of control). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
A Scoping Review of Aviation Loss of Control Inflight Research
Loss of control – inflight (LOC-I) contributes to aircraft accidents at unacceptably high rates. Significant industry efforts and research have aimed to improve LOC-I prevention, detection, and recove…
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2024 · SKYbrary article
Loss of Control In-Flight (LOC-I) — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary comprehensive knowledge-base entry on Loss of Control In-Flight — definitions, contributing factors, accident case studies (Air France 447, Colgan 3407), and prevention strategies.
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Reports 2022 · Accident report
Loss of Control on Takeoff in Icing Conditions — Citation 560XL
Cessna Citation 560XL fatal takeoff icing accident, March 2018. Investigation of a Citation 560XL loss-of-control takeoff accident in icing conditions.
- Semantic Scholar 2021 · Article (Aviation)
ANALYSIS OF GENERAL AVIATION FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS INVOLVING INFLIGHT LOSS OF CONTROL USING A STATE-BASED APPROACH
Inflight loss of control (LOC-I) is a significant cause of General Aviation (GA) fixed-wing aircraft accidents. The United States National Transportation Safety Board’s database provides a rich source…
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Presentation
Use of Design of Experiments in Determining Neural Network Architectures for Loss of Control Detection
Abstract—We describe empirical methods for selecting a neural network architecture to implement belief state inference on generic commercial transport aircraft.
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Conference Paper
Use of Design of Experiments in Determining Neural Network Architectures for Loss of Control Detection
We describe empirical methods for selecting a neural network architecture to implement belief state inference on generic commercial transport aircraft.
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