NTSB CAROL · Event
Event MIA93LA090
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
THE OPERATOR'S LACK OF ADEQUATE INSTRUCTIONS TO CREWMEMBERS AS TO WHEN FLIGHT ATTENDANTS CAN RESUME CABIN DUTIES AFTER BEING TOLD TO BE SEATED BY THE CAPTAIN.
Factual narrative
38 MI FROM THE DESTINATION ARPT, THE CAPT NOTIFIED THE F/A TO BE SEATED DUE TO POSSIBLE TURBULENCE ENCOUNTER. AFTER COMPLETING THE APPROACH CHECKLIST, THE F/A WAS GIVEN THE SIGNAL TO PERFORM THE FINAL CABIN CHECK. 9 MI FROM THE ARPT, THE FLIGHT ENCOUNTERED 'A SINGLE STRONG WINDSHEAR' WHICH CAUSED THE F/A TO BE THROWN AGAINST THE CEILING & THEN TO THE FLOOR. AT THE TIME OF THE OCCURENCE, THE AIRPLANE WAS OPERATING WITHIN A WEAK LEVEL I WX RADAR RETURN, WITHIN 6 MI OF A LEVEL II RETURN, AND WITHIN 9 MI OF A VERY STRONG LEVEL IV RETURN. THE OPERATOR'S FLT OPS MANUAL STATES THAT THE CAPT WILL ADVISE THE F/A AS TO WHETHER OR NOT HE/SHE SHOULD BE SEATED WITH THE SEAT BELT FASTENED. IN ADDITION, NEITHER THE FLT OPS MANUAL NOR THE F/A MANUAL GAVE ANY INSTRUCTIONS AS TO WHEN THE F/A SHOULD RESUME HIS/HER DUTIES AFTER BEING TOLD TO BE SEATED, NOR WAS THE CAPT INSTRUCTED TO NOTIFY THE F/A TO RESUME HIS/HER DUTIES. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1993_MIA93LA090.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (turbulence). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- arXiv 2026 · arXiv preprint
Direct Numerical Simulations of Ice-Ocean Boundary Turbulence
Turbulent heat and freshwater transport at ice-ocean interfaces controls glacier and iceberg melt rates, yet the underlying physics remains poorly constrained.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
Political Turbulence and Aviation Safety: A Cross-National Analysis of Political Stability's Effects on Aviation Accidents
To what extent does political stability affect aviation safety? This research aims to link domestic political conditions and public safety through the consideration of aviation accident frequency.
- arXiv 2025 · arXiv preprint
Explainable LiDAR 3D Point Cloud Segmentation and Clustering for Detecting Airplane-Generated Wind Turbulence
Wake vortices - strong, coherent air turbulences created by aircraft - pose a significant risk to aviation safety and therefore require accurate and reliable detection methods.
- arXiv 2024 · arXiv preprint
Does small-scale turbulence matter for ice growth in mixed-phase clouds?
Representing the glaciation of mixed-phase clouds in terms of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process is a challenge for many weather and climate models, which tend to overestimate this process because…
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Effects of electrostatic interaction on clustering and collision of bidispersed inertial particles in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence
In sandstorms and thunderclouds, turbulence-induced collisions between solid particles and ice crystals lead to inevitable triboelectrification.
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2023 · SKYbrary article
Wake Vortex Turbulence — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary wake vortex turbulence comprehensive article — generation mechanics, dissipation factors, separation standards (ICAO LIGHT/MEDIUM/HEAVY/SUPER + recategorisation RECAT-EU).
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗