NTSB CAROL · Event
Event MIA94LA061
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
THE FAILURE OF THE PASSENGER TO FOLLOW THE VISUAL AND ORAL INSTRUCTIONS OF THE CREW TO BE SEATED AND FASTEN SEAT BELTS.
Factual narrative
On January 28, 1994, about 1230 eastern standard time, VRBNK, an Airbus A-300, operated by Air Jamaica, a scheduled, international, passenger flight from Baltimore, Maryland, to Montego Bay, Jamaica, encountered turbulence at flight level 310 in cruise flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and an IFR flight plan was filed. The airplane was not damaged and one passenger received serious injuries. Two hundred eight were not injured. The flight originated from Baltimore, Maryland, about 1115 the same day. Air Jamaica personnel reported the flight was cruising at flight level 310 clear of clouds when the airplane encountered one jolt of turbulence. The one passenger who received a fracture of the left leg was walking in the aisle at the time. The seatbelt sign was illuminated and the flightcrew had made an announcement for all passengers to be seated and attach their seatbelts The flight diverted to Miami, Florida, and the passenger was evacuated to a local hospital. Evaluation of the weather in the area revealed that a combination of upper level high winds and radiative activity may have produced isolated turbulence. WHILE IN LEVEL FLIGHT AT FL310 THE FLIGHT CREW ILLUMINATED THE SEAT BELT SIGN AND MADE AN ANNOUNCEMENT FOR ALL PASSENGERS TO BE SEATED AND ATTACH THEIR SEAT BELTS. THE AIRPLANE ENCOUNTERED ONE JOLT OF TURBULENCE AND A PASSENGER WHO WAS WALKING IN THE AISLE FELL AND FRACTURED HER LEG. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1994_MIA94LA061.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (turbulence). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- arXiv 2026 · arXiv preprint
Direct Numerical Simulations of Ice-Ocean Boundary Turbulence
Turbulent heat and freshwater transport at ice-ocean interfaces controls glacier and iceberg melt rates, yet the underlying physics remains poorly constrained.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
Political Turbulence and Aviation Safety: A Cross-National Analysis of Political Stability's Effects on Aviation Accidents
To what extent does political stability affect aviation safety? This research aims to link domestic political conditions and public safety through the consideration of aviation accident frequency.
- arXiv 2025 · arXiv preprint
Explainable LiDAR 3D Point Cloud Segmentation and Clustering for Detecting Airplane-Generated Wind Turbulence
Wake vortices - strong, coherent air turbulences created by aircraft - pose a significant risk to aviation safety and therefore require accurate and reliable detection methods.
- arXiv 2024 · arXiv preprint
Does small-scale turbulence matter for ice growth in mixed-phase clouds?
Representing the glaciation of mixed-phase clouds in terms of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process is a challenge for many weather and climate models, which tend to overestimate this process because…
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Effects of electrostatic interaction on clustering and collision of bidispersed inertial particles in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence
In sandstorms and thunderclouds, turbulence-induced collisions between solid particles and ice crystals lead to inevitable triboelectrification.
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2023 · SKYbrary article
Wake Vortex Turbulence — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary wake vortex turbulence comprehensive article — generation mechanics, dissipation factors, separation standards (ICAO LIGHT/MEDIUM/HEAVY/SUPER + recategorisation RECAT-EU).
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗