NTSB CAROL · Event
Event SEA03LA196
Registry · N234KC
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
DJI AGRAS T40
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S A21840
Registrant of record
KEYSTONE COOPERATIVE
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The inadequacy of the pilot's remedial action taken in an attempt to fly out of an encounter with the wake vortex turbulence created by a preceding aircraft while on short final to land. Factors include calm winds in the area of the final approach course, and the pilot's inadvertent encounter with wake vortex turbulence.
Factual narrative
On September 28, 2003, approximately 1330 mountain daylight time, a Beech T-34 (A-45) , N234KC, impacted the terrain just short of runway 34 at McCall Municipal Airport, McCall, Idaho. The private pilot and his passenger received serious injuries, and the aircraft, which is owned and operated by the pilot, sustained substantial damage. The 14 CFR Part 91 personal pleasure flight, which departed the same airport about two hours earlier, was being operated in visual meteorological conditions. No flight plan had been filed. According to the pilot, while returning to the airport after the two hour flight, he began monitoring the common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) when he was a little over five miles from the airport. He then sequenced himself into traffic on a left downwind for runway 34. The aircraft in front of him was an Aviat Husky that was following a De Havilland Beaver. Just after he rolled out on final with his gear down and his flaps retracted, the pilot noticed that the Beaver was pulling off of the runway. He therefore continued on final at about 70 knots for what was planned to be a no-flap full-stop landing. As he descended on final, the pilot noticed that the Husky had suddenly slowed considerably as it approached the threshold, and then ultimately touched down right at the approach end of runway 34. The pilot elected to continue his approach, but as he reached short final it appeared that the Husky would not be exiting the runway before he touched down, so he decided to execute a go-around. He therefore began to add full power, but just as he was doing so, the left wing suddenly dropped and the aircraft lost about 50 feet of altitude. As the engine revved to full power, the pilot was able to get the wings level and stop the altitude loss, but immediately thereafter the right wing dropped and the aircraft fell another 20 feet onto a gravel blast pad about 200 feet short of the runway threshold. After impacting the terrain, the aircraft slid about 300 feet, coming to rest on the runway pavement about 100 feet past the runway threshold. According to the pilot, his airspeed was between 65 to 70 knots the last time he looked at it, which is 10 to 15 knots above the aircraft's flaps-up stall speed. Witnesses reported that the wind was essentially calm, and the pilot reported that he did not feel any evidence of a wind gust or wind shear type turbulence. The pilot further stated that he had performed hundreds of intentional stalls during his 3,800 hours in this model aircraft, and he did not feel that this event was initiated by a stall. He said that he did not feel any of the shudder or vibration normally associated with a stall, and he did not see the stall light illuminate. He further stated that it felt to him like he had entered some "freaky air," and that he may have encountered some disturbance created by the Beaver at precisely the moment he was adding power to initiate the go-around. A post-accident inspection of the aircraft did not reveal any evidence of an engine malfunction or flight control anomaly that might have contributed to the accident sequence. Upon returning to the airport after a local flight, the pilot sequenced himself into the traffic pattern behind an Aviat Husky that was following a De Havilland Beaver. Just after he rolled out on final with his gear down and his flaps retracted for a no-flap landing, the pilot noticed that the Beaver was pulling off of the runway. He therefore continued on final at an airspeed about 10 to 15 knots above the aircraft's no-flap stall speed. As he neared the runway in calm wind conditions, the pilot concluded that the Husky, which had landed just beyond the threshold, would not be exiting the runway before he touched down. He therefore decided to execute a go-around. As he was adding full power, the aircraft encountered a disturbance most likely created by the Beaver, resulting in the left wing suddenly dropping and the aircraft losing about 50 feet of altitude. As the engine revved to full power, the pilot was able get the wings level and stop the altitude loss, but his remedial action was insufficient to fly out of the disturbance, and almost immediately thereafter the right wing dropped and the aircraft fell another 20 feet onto the terrain. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2003_SEA03LA196.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (wind shear, stall, go-around, turbulence). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Contractor Report (CR)
An Examination of Aviation Accidents Associated with Turbulence, Wind Shear and Thunderstorm
The focal point of the study reported here was the definition and examination of turbulence, wind shear and thunderstorm in relation to aviation accidents.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2019 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Low Level Turbulence Detection For Airports
Abstract—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2018 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Evaluating the Effect of Turbulence on Aircraft During Landing and Take-Off Phases
—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases.
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Reports 2021 · Accident report
Crash of Atlas Air Flight 3591, Boeing 767-300 (N1217A)
Atlas Air 3591 crashed into Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019. Investigation of the in-flight loss-of-control crash of Atlas Air 3591 into Trinity Bay, Texas.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2021 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Comparative Study on the Prediction of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Mini - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Turbulence Models
When dealing with CFD simulations the turbulent nature is seen on most of the engineering flows and these flows need to be solved.
- arXiv 2020 · arXiv preprint
Numerical Simulation of Iced Wing Using Separating Shear Layer Fixed Turbulence Models
Aerodynamic prediction of glaze ice accretion on airfoils and wing is studied using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method.
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