NTSB CAROL · Event
Event SEA96LA026
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
AN UNEXPECTED ENCOUNTER WITH UNFORECAST MODERATE HIGH LEVEL WINDSHEAR AND TURBULENCE AS THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT WAS PERFORMING HIS DUTIES DURING DESCENT.
Factual narrative
On November 25, 1995, at 1523 hours Pacific standard time, N953UA, a Boeing 737-522, operated as United Airlines Flight 2026, encountered turbulence while descending for landing at the Portland International Airport, Portland, Oregon. A cabin crew member was seriously injured during the encounter. The other four crew members and 107 passengers were not injured. The airplane was not damaged. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed and an instrument flight rules flight plan had been filed. The flight departed San Francisco, California, at 1409 and was en route to Portland. The flight was operated under 14 CFR 121. In a written statement, the captain reported that at the beginning of the descent from 28,000 feet above mean sea level (msl), he turned on the seatbelt sign and informed the cabin crew "... that there might be some chop in [descent] and to put things away early." The captain reported that the airplane then encountered "moderate turbulence lasting approximately 15 [seconds]." The captain immediately informed the flight attendants to be seated. While securing the cabin at the time of the turbulent encounter, one of the flight attendants fell backwards onto a stove in the galley and fractured his scapula. Another flight attendant, who was in the aisle, reported that she grabbed the back of a passenger seat and immediately sat down on the aisle. Nearby passengers held onto the flight attendant so that she would not be thrown around. The captain further stated that "no [turbulence was] reported other than [light] chop" prior to the accident. No evidence was found from either the captain's statement or flight attendants' statements to indicate that the captain urged the flight attendants to immediately take their seats prior to the turbulent encounter. According to documentation provided by United Airlines personnel, other aircraft reported, via the Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), that during the climb and descent phase, there was significant wind shears between 20,000 feet msl to 28,000 feet msl near the time of the accident. The National Weather Service high level significant weather chart forecasted moderate turbulence between 30,000 feet msl to 37,000 feet msl over Oregon. THE CAPTAIN REPORTED THAT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE DESCENT FOR LANDING HE TURNED ON THE SEATBELT SIGN AND INFORMED THE CABIN CREW TO SECURE THE CABIN EARLY BECAUSE OF SUSPECTED TURBULENCE. HE DID NOT URGE THE FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO BE SEATED IMMEDIATELY, BECAUSE NONE OF THE WEATHER INFORMATION HE RECEIVED AT THE TIME INDICATED ANYTHING OTHER THAN THE POSSIBILITY OF LIGHT TURBULENCE. ABOUT 15 MINUTES LATER, WHILE DESCENDING THROUGH FLIGHT LEVEL 200, THE AIRPLANE BRIEFLY ENCOUNTERED WHAT THE CAPTAIN DESCRIBED AS MODERATE TURBULENCE. ONE OF THE FLIGHT ATTENDANTS WAS STILL SECURING THE CABIN AT THE TIME AND FELL BACKWARDS ONTO A STOVE IN THE GALLEY, SUSTAINING A FRACTURED SHOULDER. WEATHER INFORMATION RECEIVED AFTER THE ACCIDENT REVEALED THAT MODERATE TURBULENCE OR SIGNIFICANT WEATHER REPORTS WERE NOT FORECAST FOR THE ALTITUDE OF OCCURRENCE BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1995_SEA96LA026.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (wind shear, turbulence). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Contractor Report (CR)
An Examination of Aviation Accidents Associated with Turbulence, Wind Shear and Thunderstorm
The focal point of the study reported here was the definition and examination of turbulence, wind shear and thunderstorm in relation to aviation accidents.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Preprint (Draft being sent to journal)
Convectively Induced Turbulence Encountered During NASA's Fall-2000 Flight Experiments
Aircraft encounters with atmospheric turbulence are a leading cause of in-flight injuries aboard commercial airliners and cost the airlines millions of dollars each year.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Technical Memorandum (TM)
Some aspects of wind shear in the upper atmosphere
Hydrodynamic turbulence and wind shear in upper atmosphere
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2019 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Low Level Turbulence Detection For Airports
Abstract—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2018 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Evaluating the Effect of Turbulence on Aircraft During Landing and Take-Off Phases
—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases.
- arXiv 2026 · arXiv preprint
Direct Numerical Simulations of Ice-Ocean Boundary Turbulence
Turbulent heat and freshwater transport at ice-ocean interfaces controls glacier and iceberg melt rates, yet the underlying physics remains poorly constrained.
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗