NTSB CAROL · Event
Event GAA15CA233
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The flight instructor's decision to turn the helicopter downwind during a hover taxi which resulted in an uncontrolled descent and impact with terrain.
Factual narrative
The flight instructor reported that while holding short to cross runway 21L in a skid-equipped helicopter, she was issued the clearance "cross 21L." She reported that she assumed that the clearance was for a direct route to her destination on the airport. After the helicopter began to hover taxi direct to the destination, she reported that the ground controller called her and stated "cross 21L at C4, D4 and follow company traffic." The flight instructor reported that to avoid a runway incursion, she "turned the helicopter into a tailwind and considering the high density altitude and strong winds the aircraft did not have enough power and it settled toward the ground, causing one bounce in the sod, the second bounce rolled the helicopter onto its left side." The flight instructor reported there were no pre-impact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. The helicopter sustained substantial damage to the tail boom. The flight instructor reported that while holding short to cross runway 21L in a skid-equipped helicopter, she was issued the clearance "cross 21L." She reported that she assumed that the clearance was for a direct route to her destination on the airport. After the helicopter began to hover taxi direct to the destination, she reported that the ground controller called her and stated "cross 21L at C4, D4 and follow company traffic." The flight instructor reported that to avoid a runway incursion, she "turned the helicopter into a tailwind and considering the high density altitude and strong winds the aircraft did not have enough power and it settled toward the ground, causing one bounce in the sod, the second bounce rolled the helicopter onto its left side." The flight instructor reported there were no pre-impact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. The helicopter sustained substantial damage to the tail boom. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12
NTSB Findings
Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).
- C Personnel issues-Action/decision-Info processing/decision-Decision making/judgment-Instructor/check pilot - C
- C Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Aircraft control-Instructor/check pilot - C
- C Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Wind-(general)-Effect on operation - C
- C Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Descent/approach/glide path-Attain/maintain not possible - C
- — Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Temp/humidity/pressure-High density altitude-Effect on operation
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2015_GAA15CA233.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (runway incursion). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2023 · SKYbrary article
Runway Incursion — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary runway incursion review — taxonomy (operational error, vehicle/pedestrian, pilot deviation), severity categories A-D, mitigation technologies (ASDE-X, ASSC, RAAS, RIAAS).
- Semantic Scholar 2023 · Article (Future Transportation)
Investigating Runway Incursion Incidents at United States Airports
According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the number of runway incursions is increasing. Over the last two decades, the number of runway incursions at U.S.
- FAA-affiliated R&D (MITRE / Volpe / FAA Tech Center) 2022 · MITRE risk analysis
Runway Incursion Prevention Systems — Surface Domain Risk Analysis
MITRE risk analysis of runway-incursion prevention systems (RIPS) — ASDE-X / ASSC + Airport Surface Detection Equipment performance characterization. Findings drove FAA Surface Safety Action Plan.
- Semantic Scholar 2020 · Article (Journal of Physics: Conference Series)
Comparison of Detection Technology for Runway Incursion Prevention in Airport Hot Spot
The prevention of runway incursion in hot spot of airports has always been one of the research hot spots in the field of international civil aviation.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2020 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Analysis of Runway Incursion Trends: Implications for Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mitigation Investments
This causal-comparative and correlation study investigated the costs of runway incursion safety improvements in relation to their effectiveness to assess potential aviation system benefits.Two airport…
- Semantic Scholar 2020 · Article
Analysis of Runway Incursion Trends: Implications for Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mitigation Investments
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗