NTSB CAROL · Event
Event GAA16CA422
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The pilot's failure to attain a proper touchdown point and loss of directional control and her subsequent excessive brake application, which resulted in a nose-over.
Factual narrative
The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped airplane reported that during the landing flare she could not see forward beyond the engine cowl, and due to the side-by-side seat configuration of the airplane she lost sight of right side of runway. She recalled that the airplane touched down slightly left of the center line and continued to roll further left. She reported that she applied full right rudder and applied the brakes in order prevent a runway excursion to the left, but the airplane nosed over and partially exited the left side of the runway. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing, the vertical and horizontal stabilizer, and the rudder. The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or anomalies with any portion of the airplane during the flight that would have prevented normal flight operation. The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped airplane reported that during the landing flare she could not see forward beyond the engine cowl, and due to the side-by-side seat configuration of the airplane she lost sight of right side of runway. She recalled that the airplane touched down slightly left of the center line and continued to roll further left. She reported that she applied full right rudder and applied the brakes in order prevent a runway excursion to the left, but the airplane nosed over and partially exited the left side of the runway. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing, the vertical and horizontal stabilizer, and the rudder. The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or anomalies with any portion of the airplane during the flight that would have prevented normal flight operation. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12
NTSB Findings
Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).
- C Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Aircraft control-Pilot - C
- C Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Directional control-Not attained/maintained - C
- C Aircraft-Aircraft systems-Landing gear system-Brake-Incorrect use/operation - C
- C Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Use of equip/system-Pilot - C
- C Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Descent/approach/glide path-Not attained/maintained - C
- C Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Surface speed/braking-Incorrect use/operation - C
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2016_GAA16CA422.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (runway excursion). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 1994 · Journal article (JAAER)
Postsecondary Aviation Programs in the United States: 1950 and 1985
This study examined aviation programs in accredited postsecondary institutions in the United States for the years 1950 and 1985.
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2024 · SKYbrary article
Runway Excursion — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary runway excursion review — RE-OE (overruns) + RE-LO (lateral). Risk drivers: long landing, high approach speed, contaminated surface, tailwind, mis-set autobrakes.
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Reports 2019 · Accident report
Embraer ERJ 175 Runway Excursion at Charlotte Douglas
Republic Airline ERJ-175 runway excursion CLT, January 2018. Examines a low-energy runway excursion involving misuse of autobrakes + thrust reverser response after a high-crosswind landing on a contam…
- arXiv 2025 · arXiv preprint
Visual Heading Prediction for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles
The integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) is increasingly central to the development of intelligent autonomous systems for applications such as search and …
- NASA NTRS 2025 · Presentation
Uncovering Resilient Behavior in the Aviation Safety Reporting System Using Large Language Models
Resiliency is present in everyday life, both in system design and exhibited by the operators that function within these systems.
- NASA NTRS 2025 · Conference Paper
Uncovering Resilient Behavior in the Aviation Safety Reporting System Using Large Language Models
Resiliency is present in everyday life, both in system design and exhibited by the operators that function within these systems.
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗