NTSB CAROL · Event
Event LAX95LA263
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
the non-instrument rated pilot's decision to takeoff in known adverse weather conditions, which resulted in spatial disoreintation and an in-flight loss of control.
Factual narrative
On July 21, 1995, at 1345 hours Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 182P, N9437M, collided with trees about 1 mile northwest of the Kneeland Airport, Kneeland, California, after takeoff from runway 33. The airplane was being operated by Sacramento Aero Services, Inc., Sacramento, California, and was rented to the certificated private pilot for a personal flight. The airplane was destroyed and the non-instrument rated pilot was fatally injured. The flight was destined for Natomas Field, Sacramento. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was opened for the flight. At 0736 hours, the non-instrument pilot contacted the Arcata Flight Service Station and asked the air traffic control (ATC) specialist questions about local weather conditions. The pilot inquired as to the top of fog in the Kneeland area. The ATC specialist indicated to the pilot there were no local reporting stations at the Kneeland airport. The ATC specialist indicated the closest top report was from a pilot conducting an instrument approach to the Arcata airport, and that the pilot indicated the tops were at 3,000 feet above mean sea level. Witnesses reported the airplane departed the Kneeland airport about 1345 hours, with ground visibility about 2,000 feet due to fog. One witness stated after the airplane disappeared in the fog, the engine rpm was heard to increase followed by a "thud." The witnesses then departed the airport believing the pilot had departed without incident. When the airplane failed to arrive at the destination airport, a search was initiated, which was impeded by the fog. The wreckage was found about 1630 hours on July 22, 1995, about 1 mile northwest of the airport in lower terrain about 1,500 feet below the elevation of the airport. The wreckage was recovered and transported to Sacramento, where it was examined by FAA inspectors from the Oakland Flight Standards District Office. There was no evidence of mechanical failure or malfunction found during the FAA's inspection. The wreckage was released to representatives of the owner on July 26, 1995. FOLLOWING A WEATHER BRIEFING IN WHICH HE WAS ADVISED OF THE FOG AND MULTIPLE LAYERED CLOUD CONDITIONS, THE NON-INSTRUMENT RATED PILOT ELECTED TO TAKEOFF FROM AN AIRPORT IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN. GROUND WITNESSES SAID THE VISIBILITY WAS ABOUT 2,000 FEET WHEN THE PILOT DEPARTED, AND THAT THE AIRCRAFT DISAPPEARED INTO THE CLOUDS ABOUT 50 FEET ABOVE GROUND. SHORTLY THEREAFTER, THE ENGINE RPM WAS HEARD TO INCREASE FOLLOWED BY A THUD NOISE. THE AIRPLANE WAS FOUND A DAY LATER ABOUT 1 MILE NORTHWEST OF THE AIRPORT AT AN ELEVATION ABOUT 1,500 FEET BELOW THE AIRPORT ELEVATION. THE SEARCH FOR THE AIRPLANE WAS IMPEDED BY THE FOGGY WEATHER CONDITIONS. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1995_LAX95LA263.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
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Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (loss of control). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
A Scoping Review of Aviation Loss of Control Inflight Research
Loss of control – inflight (LOC-I) contributes to aircraft accidents at unacceptably high rates. Significant industry efforts and research have aimed to improve LOC-I prevention, detection, and recove…
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2024 · SKYbrary article
Loss of Control In-Flight (LOC-I) — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary comprehensive knowledge-base entry on Loss of Control In-Flight — definitions, contributing factors, accident case studies (Air France 447, Colgan 3407), and prevention strategies.
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Reports 2022 · Accident report
Loss of Control on Takeoff in Icing Conditions — Citation 560XL
Cessna Citation 560XL fatal takeoff icing accident, March 2018. Investigation of a Citation 560XL loss-of-control takeoff accident in icing conditions.
- Semantic Scholar 2021 · Article (Aviation)
ANALYSIS OF GENERAL AVIATION FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS INVOLVING INFLIGHT LOSS OF CONTROL USING A STATE-BASED APPROACH
Inflight loss of control (LOC-I) is a significant cause of General Aviation (GA) fixed-wing aircraft accidents. The United States National Transportation Safety Board’s database provides a rich source…
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Presentation
Use of Design of Experiments in Determining Neural Network Architectures for Loss of Control Detection
Abstract—We describe empirical methods for selecting a neural network architecture to implement belief state inference on generic commercial transport aircraft.
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Conference Paper
Use of Design of Experiments in Determining Neural Network Architectures for Loss of Control Detection
We describe empirical methods for selecting a neural network architecture to implement belief state inference on generic commercial transport aircraft.
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