LAX98LA114
1998-03-13 · TRUCKEE, California, United States · Minor · 1 aircraft · Status: Completed
Airport TRK
N345RD has since been reassigned. It is now registered to a different aircraft (VAN'S AIRCRAFT RV-10, built 2011), which was not involved in this event.
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft due to spatial disorientation. A factor was the dark night.
Factual narrative
On March 13, 1998, about 1900 hours Pacific standard time, a Socata TBM 700, N345RD, collided with terrain about 0.5 miles east of the Truckee, California, airport. The airplane was destroyed, and the commercial pilot and three passengers received minor injuries. The airplane was being operated as a personal flight by the pilot/owner. The flight originated from Gnoss Field in Novota, California, at 1800. Night visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and an IFR flight plan was filed. The Truckee Airport was reporting visual meteorological conditions with 10 miles visibility and a 1,700-foot agl overcast ceiling. The pilot was cleared by Oakland Center Approach Control for a Global Positioning System (GPS) approach to runway 19. He reported that there was a bluff near runway 19 with housing on it, which made him uncomfortable, so he delayed his descent to the minimum descent altitude (MDA). When he did descend, he felt that he was too high too make a good landing on the runway so he opted instead to perform a circling approach to runway 28. The pilot stated that as he initiated a left turn for the base leg of runway 28, he became preoccupied with maintaining visual contact with the airport. It was a dark night with no moon. The pilot reported that he soon lost visual contact and became disoriented. The attitude indicator showed the aircraft to be in a 70- to 80-degree left bank. As the pilot returned the airplane to a straight and level attitude, he noticed the ground directly in front of him. The aircraft ran through a barbed wire fence, collided with trees, and slid rearward to a stop in a high altitude meadow east of the airport. The Federal Aviation Administration Flight Inspection Field Office in Sacramento, California, conducted an evaluation of the GPS approach for runway 19 with circle to land minimums at night for all categories, the elevation differential around the airport, and overall night operations at the Truckee Airport. They reported that they did not find any problems with the approach. The pilot was cleared for a GPS approach. He stated that he was too high to make a good landing, so he opted for a circling approach to another runway. As he turned for the base leg, he lost visual contact and became disoriented. It was a dark night with no moon. The pilot realized that he was in a 70- to 80-degree left bank and returned the airplane to a level attitude, then noticed the ground directly in front of him. The aircraft ran through a barbed wire fence, collided with trees, and slid rearward to a stop in a high altitude meadow east of the airport. The FAA completed an evaluation of the circling approach procedures and night operations for that airport and did not find any problems. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1998_LAX98LA114.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
Matched on aircraft type or causal vocabulary (spatial disorientation). All research papers
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (IJAAA) Design, Implementation, and Testing of Spatial Disorientation Scenarios in a Modified Hexapod Motion Simulator
Abstract Investigations into aviation accidents aim to identify root causes and enhance safety. Despite advancements in safety measures, technology, and education, general aviation accident rates rema…
- AOPA Air Safety Institute 2022 · Safety advisor Safety Advisor: Spatial Disorientation
Safety advisor on the perceptual illusions that cause spatial disorientation: the leans, graveyard spiral, somatogravic and somatogyral illusions, false horizon, and Coriolis.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Conference Paper Evaluation of Low Cost, User-Centered Alerting Devices for the Mitigation of Flight Crew Spatial Disorientation
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is conducting research into technologies which have the potential to reduce flight crew Spatial Disorientation (SD).
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Presentation Pre-Flight Training of Autonomic Responses for Mitigating the Effects of Spatial Disorientation During Spaceflight
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified a potential risk of spatial disorientation, motion sickness, and degraded performance to astronauts during re-entry and landing …
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Other The Role of Spatial Disorientation in Fatal General Aviation Accidents
In-flight Spatial Disorientation (SD) in pilots is a serious threat to aviation safety. Indeed, SD may play a much larger role in aviation accidents than the approximate 6-8% reported by the National …
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Technical Memorandum (TM) Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE) Mitigates the Effects of Spatial Disorientation to Simulated Orion Spacecraft Re-Entry: Individual Differences
NASA has identified a potential risk of spatial disorientation to future astronauts during re-entry of the proposed Orion spacecraft.