NTSB CAROL · Event
Event NYC97LA113
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The private pilot's improper flare, and the certificated flight instructor's delayed decision to add power, which resulted in the subsequent hard landing.
Factual narrative
On June 11, 1997, at 1130 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 182N, N8970G, operated by the Congressional Flying Club, Inc., was substantially damaged during landing at the Frederick Municipal Airport, Frederick, Maryland. The certificated flight instructor and private pilot were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the instructional flight that originated at the Montgomery County Airpark, Gaithersburg, Maryland, about 1045. No flight plan had been filed for the flight conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. The private pilot, flying from the right seat, and a certificated flight instructor (CFI), seated in the left seat, departed the Montgomery County Airpark, for the Frederick Municipal Airport (FDK). In the NTSB Form 6120.1/2, the joint statement of the CFI and the private pilot stated: "By prior agreement, the flying pilot (FP) assumed the pilot-in-command responsibilities. The FP requested a right seat check out as he flies safety pilot during instrument flights with others in his flying club...While demonstrating a short field landing, the FP flared quickly, attempting to land on the numbers. Late in the flare, the nose rose high. The stall horn was sounding and the non flying pilot (NFP) [the CFI] requested the addition of power. The aircraft stalled, bounced, and the FP added power, causing the aircraft to again become airborne. The NFP assumed control of the aircraft and landed. There was no directional control and the aircraft rolled onto the grass..." A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Inspector conducted a telephone interview with the CFI on June 12, 1997. During the interview the CFI stated that he was the flight instructor and occupied the left seat. The CFI was giving dual instruction in the Congressional Flying Club's Cessna 182, for a 'right seat checkout' to the private pilot. The CFI asked the private pilot to perform a short field landing. The approach appeared to be "fine" until the last 20 feet, when the private pilot raised the nose "excessively" and the stall horn activated. The CFI directed the pilot to add power, and the airplane landed hard. Power was then applied, and the airplane became airborne again. The CFI then took control of the airplane, landed on runway 23, and the airplane veered off the runway. The private pilot requested a right seat check out in the Flying Club's airplane because he flew as safety pilot during instrument flights. The private pilot, flying from the right seat, and a certificated flight instructor (CFI), seated in the left seat, departed for a training flight. A joint statement from both pilots stated that by agreement, the private pilot assumed the pilot-in-command responsibilities. At the destination airport, the CFI directed the private pilot to perform a short field landing. On final approach, the private pilot flared high, the CFI told the pilot to add power, and the airplane landed hard. The private pilot then applied power and the airplane became airborne again. The CFI took control of the airplane, and landed on the runway, where the airplane veered off the runway. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1997_NYC97LA113.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (stall). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2026 · Conference Paper
Computational Analysis of Steady State Aerodynamics of Transonic Truss-Braced Wing Configuration in Deep Stall
This study presents a computational investigation of steady state aerodynamics of the Subsonic Ultra-Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) Transonic Truss-Braced Wing (TTBW) configuration over a wide range …
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Automating Bird Diverter Installation through Multi-Aerial Robots and Signal Temporal Logic Specifications
This paper tackles the task assignment and trajectory generation problem for bird diverter installation using a fleet of multi-rotors.
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Variation of Critical Crystallization Pressure for the Formation of Square Ice in Graphene Nanocapillaries
Two-dimensional square ice in graphene nanocapillaries at room temperature is a fascinating phenomenon and has been confirmed experimentally.
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Polycrystallinity enhances stress build-up around ice
Damage caused by freezing wet, porous materials is a widespread problem, but is hard to predict or control. Here, we show that polycrystallinity makes a great difference to the stress build-up process…
- arXiv 2022 · arXiv preprint
Enhanced Prediction of Three-dimensional Finite Iced Wing Separated Flow Near Stall
Icing on three-dimensional wings causes severe flow separation near stall. Standard improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) is unable to correctly predict the separating reattaching flow due…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2021 · Journal article (JAAER)
Analysis on the Negative Emotional, Physiological, and Cognitive Responses Elicited from of the Activation of a Stall Alarm
Failing to identify an aerodynamic stall can lead to the inability of an aircraft to sustain flight. To warn pilots of an impending or fully-developed stall, many aircraft have safety devices installe…
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