NTSB CAROL · Event
Event SEA03LA188
Registry · N9332D
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
PIPER PA-22-160
Year of manufacture
1958 · 45 years old at event
Engine
LYCOMING 0-320 SERIES (180 hp)
Seats / Engines
4 seats · 1 engine
Last airworthiness date
19580919
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S ACF370
Registrant of record
MARTIN CLINT R
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions which led to a loss of control and subsequent ground loop. A contributing factor was the wind gust.
Factual narrative
On September 10, 2003, approximately 1745 mountain daylight time, a Piper PA-22-160 single-engine airplane, N9332D, sustained substantial damage following a loss of control while landing at the Billings Logan International Airport (BIL), Billings, Montana. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot. The commercial pilot, who was the sole occupant, was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and a visual flight rules (VFR) flight plan was filed for the 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight. The cross-country flight originated from Great Falls, Montana, at 1600. According to the Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB form 6120.1/2), and in a telephone interview with the NTSB investigator-in-charge (IIC), the pilot reported that while landing "a gust of wind pushed the tail of the airplane beyond my control and I ground looped. The gust of wind could have been a dust devil." The airplane veered to the left 180 degrees resulting in the right wing impacting the runway and the right main landing gear collapsing up and under the center section of the aircraft. The aircraft came to rest in an upright position oriented with the nose aligned in an southeasterly direction. According to a certified airframe and powerplant mechanic, the right landing gear was collapsed and the tail wheel was bent. The empennage, lower center section of the airframe, and right wing sustained substantial damage. At 1756, the weather reporting facility at BIL reported the wind to be from 230 degrees at 10 knots. While landing, a gust of wind pushed the tail up causing the pilot to lose control of the airplane. During the ground loop to the left the right wing, empennage and center section of the of the airplane sustained substantial damage. There was also damage to the right landing gear and the tail wheel. The wind at the time of the accident was reported to be from 230 degrees at 10 knots. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2003_SEA03LA188.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (loss of control). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
A Scoping Review of Aviation Loss of Control Inflight Research
Loss of control – inflight (LOC-I) contributes to aircraft accidents at unacceptably high rates. Significant industry efforts and research have aimed to improve LOC-I prevention, detection, and recove…
- SKYbrary (Eurocontrol) 2024 · SKYbrary article
Loss of Control In-Flight (LOC-I) — SKYbrary Knowledge Base
SKYbrary comprehensive knowledge-base entry on Loss of Control In-Flight — definitions, contributing factors, accident case studies (Air France 447, Colgan 3407), and prevention strategies.
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Reports 2022 · Accident report
Loss of Control on Takeoff in Icing Conditions — Citation 560XL
Cessna Citation 560XL fatal takeoff icing accident, March 2018. Investigation of a Citation 560XL loss-of-control takeoff accident in icing conditions.
- Semantic Scholar 2021 · Article (Aviation)
ANALYSIS OF GENERAL AVIATION FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS INVOLVING INFLIGHT LOSS OF CONTROL USING A STATE-BASED APPROACH
Inflight loss of control (LOC-I) is a significant cause of General Aviation (GA) fixed-wing aircraft accidents. The United States National Transportation Safety Board’s database provides a rich source…
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Presentation
Use of Design of Experiments in Determining Neural Network Architectures for Loss of Control Detection
Abstract—We describe empirical methods for selecting a neural network architecture to implement belief state inference on generic commercial transport aircraft.
- NASA NTRS 2021 · Conference Paper
Use of Design of Experiments in Determining Neural Network Architectures for Loss of Control Detection
We describe empirical methods for selecting a neural network architecture to implement belief state inference on generic commercial transport aircraft.
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗