NTSB CAROL · Event
Event DEN78FA045
Aircraft involved
Historical record (pre-1982)
NTSB recorded this accident in the pre-1982 coded-field schema — structured fields rather than free-text narrative. Decoded codes use established NTSB single-letter taxonomies; cause factors remain verbatim pending the Form 6120.4 codebook lookup.
Aircraft
BOEING 737 · N4518W
Damage
Minor
Craft type
Airplane
Classification
Accident
Light condition
Dawn
Weather
IMC
Phase of flight
D1
Weather at impact
Sky
OVERCAST
Aircraft history
Serial number
Z
Pilot
Certificate
DA (DA)
Total hours
15,000
Age
48
Probable cause (from PRE1982.MDB)
COCKPIT CREW.
Investigator remarks
FCST MOD TO SEVERE TURBC.F/A'S MAKING DRINKS FOR
Cause factors
- 64/A/30 A PILOT IN COMMAND INADEQUATE SUPERVISION OF FLIGHT Cause — pilot/personnel action
- 68/A/R0 A PERSONNEL FLIGHT ATTENDANT Cause — pilot/personnel action
- 88/A/12 A MISCELLANEOUS ACTS,CONDITIONS SEAT BELT NOT FASTENED Cause — pilot/personnel action
- 82/J/L J WEATHER TURBULENCE, ASSOCIATED W/CLOUDS AND/OR THUNDERSTORMS Joint cause
- 82/J/M J WEATHER DOWNDRAFT,UPDRAFTS Joint cause
- 82/J/X J WEATHER THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY Joint cause
- 88/J/CZ J MISCELLANEOUS ACTS,CONDITIONS SEAT BELT SIGN ON Joint cause
Decoded against the NTSB Form 6120.4 cause-factor codebook (ct_Pre1982 table). Each row shows the raw triplet, modifier (Cause / Factor / etc.), category, and specific code.
Source: NTSB pre-1982 historical archive. Docket
1 0005.
Source file
NTSB_1978_1_0005.txt.
Modern CAROL record on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type. Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2019 · Technical Memorandum (TM)
A preliminary study of a wake vortex encounter hazard boundary for a B737-100 airplane
A preliminary batch simulation study was conducted to define the wake decay required for a Boeing 737-100 airplane to safely encounter a Boeing 727 wake and land.
- NASA NTRS 2018 · Other
A Numerical Simulation Study to Develop an Acceptable Wake Encounter Boundary for a B737-100 Airplane
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is conducting research with the goal of enabling safe improvements in the capacity of the nation's air transportation system.
- NASA NTRS 2025 · Conference Paper
A Training Study to Improve Monitoring During A Go-Around
As part of an FAA program to improve go-around (GA) safety, we were asked to determine if we could improve the performance of the Pilot Monitoring (PM) during a GA maneuver.
- arXiv 2023 · arXiv preprint
Radar detection of wake vortex behind the aircraft: the detection range problem
In this study, we showcased the detection of the wake vortex produced by a medium aircraft at distances exceeding 10 km using an X-band pulse-Doppler radar.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2023 · Conference paper
Airline Pilot Risk Profiling by Using Unstable Approach Management Case
Risk and human decision-making cannot be separated from each other. Many of theories and studies have tried to analyze pilots’ decision-making processes, risk factors, and preference behavior in the a…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2023 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Historical Research and the case for a Fifth Component of SMS
Abstract Three tragic events from aviation history were examined using a Historical Research and Case Study Method. The events explored were the disasters of the Airship R101 (1930), the Space Shuttle…
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