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Atlas / NTSB / ERA21LA357

NTSB CAROL · Event

Event ERA21LA357

2021-09-08 Toughkenamon, Pennsylvania, United States Airport · N57 None 1 aircraft Status: Completed

Registry · N51789

FAA Aircraft Registry record.

Make / Model

ENSTROM F-28C

Year of manufacture

1978 · 43 years old at event

TCDS

H1CE · ENSTROM HELICOPTER CORP THE

Engine

LYCOMING HIO-360 SER (205 hp)

Seats / Engines

3 seats · 1 engine

Last airworthiness date

19781219

ADS-B equipped

Yes — Mode-S A67F02

Registrant of record

BREYER CHARLES A

Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).

Aircraft involved

Probable cause & findings

The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the helicopter during an out-of-ground effect hover in a gusty wind, due to loss of tail rotor effectiveness.

Factual narrative

The pilot performed a straight in approach to runway 24 and then entered an out-of-ground-effect hover at 30 to 40 ft above ground level. He made a right turn to hover taxi to the fueling area. At that time, he noticed that the rotor rpm was low, and he attempted to increase it; however, the helicopter spun right, descended and impacted a grass area near a taxiway. The recorded wind at the airport about the time of the accident was variable at 4 knots, gusting to 10 knots. The pilot reported 10 to 12 knot gusts from the east at the time of the accident and previous and subsequent weather recordings indicated wind gusts from the south. Examination of the wreckage by a Federal Aviation Administration inspector revealed substantial damage to the lower right fuselage. The examination did not reveal any preimpact mechanical malfunctions, nor did the pilot report any. It is likely that the helicopter was in an out-of-ground effect hover with a direct or quartering tailwind, which resulted in a loss of tail rotor effectiveness. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12

NTSB Findings

Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).

  • Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Aircraft control-Pilot
  • Aircraft-Aircraft propeller/rotor-Tail rotor-(general)-Capability exceeded

Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file NTSB_2021_ERA21LA357.txt. Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb. Full investigation docket on data.ntsb.gov ↗.

Related research

What the literature says.

Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type. Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.

Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗