NTSB CAROL · Event
Event LAX98LA242
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The flight instructor's delayed remedial action and the student pilot's failure to maintain rotor RPM. A factor was the downhill terrain.
Factual narrative
On July 23, 1998, at 1900 hours Pacific daylight time, an Enstrom F28A, N288Q, overshot the intended landing area and slid down a 30-degree hillside near Pleasanton, California. The aircraft sustained substantial damage. The certified flight instructor and dual student/owner, the sole occupants, were not injured. The local instructional flight last departed the Reid-Hillview Airport in San Jose, California, at 1830, and was en route to Livermore, California. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The certified flight instructor (CFI) reported that he and the student were practicing off-airport landings. The student performed a pinnacle approach and landing. The CFI stated that the helicopter started to vibrate and move sideways so he rolled on power. By the time the helicopter reached the edge of the landing area, the rpm had decreased. The CFI reported that he was not able to reposition the helicopter to a higher area, so he pedal-turned to put the tail downhill, lowered the collective, and rolled off the throttle. The helicopter slid approximately 300 feet off the top of the hill and down a 30-degree slope. The main rotor blades contacted the ground but the aircraft remained upright. The CFI reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions with the aircraft prior to the accident. The dual student performed an off-airport pinnacle landing. The CFI stated that the helicopter began to vibrate and moved sideways so he rolled on power. By the time the helicopter reached the edge of the landing area, the rpm had decreased and he could not reposition the aircraft. The CFI reported that he pedal-turned so that the tail was pointing downhill, lowered the collective, and rolled off the throttle. The helicopter slid approximately 300 feet off the top of the hill and down a 30-degree slope. The main rotor blades contacted the ground but the aircraft remained upright. The CFI reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions with the aircraft prior to the accident. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1998_LAX98LA242.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (icing). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2026 · Contractor Report (CR)
Icing Physics Studies Using the 3D SIDRM Test Article: 2023 Icing Tests Analysis
In-flight icing is an important safety issue and is a factor that affects aircraft design and performance. Newer regulations are driving a need for improvements in airframe and engine icing simulation…
- arXiv 2025 · arXiv preprint
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for UAV-Assisted 5G Network Slicing: A Comparative Study of MAPPO, MADDPG, and MADQN
The growing demand for robust, scalable wireless networks in the 5G-and-beyond era has led to the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as mobile base stations to enhance coverage in dense urb…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
A Mathematical Model on the Temporal Dynamics of Aviation Competitive Pricing
This study investigates the competitive dynamics of airport pricing using U.S. airport data to validate the findings. It employs linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equation models to analyze t…
- NASA NTRS 2025 · Presentation
NASA Icing Update – March 2025
This NASA Icing Update was prepared for presentation to the SAE International AC-9C Inflight Icing Technology Committee. This update includes the following topics: planned Rotational Icing Scaling tes…
- arXiv 2024 · arXiv preprint
An energy-stable phase-field model for droplet icing simulations
A phase-field model for three-phase flows is established by combining the Navier-Stokes (NS) and the energy equations, with the Allen-Cahn (AC) and Cahn-Hilliard (CH) equations and is demonstrated ana…
- NASA NTRS 2024 · Presentation
NASA Icing Update – Oct 2024
This presentation provides a status update on select NASA icing research activities for the SAE AC-9C Icing Technical Committee Meeting on Oct 21, 2024.
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗