NTSB CAROL · Event
Event BFO93LA058
Registry · N304AF
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
DIAMOND AIRCRAFT DA 40
Year of manufacture
2009
Engine
LYCOMING IO-360-M1A+ (180 hp)
Seats / Engines
4 seats · 1 engine
Last airworthiness date
20090130
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S A32E34
Registrant of record
HOLLOMAN AFB AERO CLUB
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
IMPROPER PLANNING OR DECISION BY THE PILOT IN COMMAND (PIC). FACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: DARKNESS, THE ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS, AND THE RUNWAY/TERRAIN CONDITION.
Factual narrative
THE PILOT WAS CLEARED FOR AN ILS RUNWAY 6 APPROACH AND REPORTED THAT HE HAD THE RUNWAY IN SIGHT ABOVE THE DECISION HEIGHT. SNOW WAS FALLING. AFTER A 'SUCCESSFUL' APPROACH, THE AIRPLANE TOUCHED DOWN IN THE 'TOUCHDOWN ZONE.' SPOILERS, THRUST REVERSERS, AND BRAKES WERE APPLIED, BUT THE AIRPLANE 'STARTED TO DRIFT TO THE RIGHT.' THE AIRPLANE IMPACTED A SNOWBANK ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE RUNWAY. ITS LEFT MAIN LANDING GEAR COLLAPSED AND THE FUSELAGE KEEL BEAM WAS DAMAGED. BRAKING ACTION WAS REPORTED AS 'NIL' BY THE PILOT. THE RUNWAY HAD 'TWO TO THREE INCHES' OF WET SNOW. IT WAS CLOSED AND PLOWED IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE ACCIDENT. THE TOWER CONTROLLER HAD TRANSMITTED TO THE PILOTS 'LAST BRAKING ACTION FAIR BY A WESTWIND ABOUT 20 MINUTES AGO.' THE ATIS INFORMATION INCLUDED 'APPROACH LIGHTS FOR RUNWAY 6 HAVE BEEN DECOMMISSIONED.' Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1993_BFO93LA058.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type. Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
Editor's Note: Celebrating 35 Years of Scholarly Excellence
A letter from the editor, Dr. Dahai Liu, on the JAAER's 35th anniversary.
- NASA NTRS 2024 · Presentation
Part 135 and Business Operator Low Altitude Events: An Analysis of ASRS Reports
This presentation provides an aviation SME's human factors analysis of selected Low Altitude and Controlled Flight Towards Terrain (CFTT) events involving Part 135 and business jet operators as report…
- NASA NTRS 2022 · Conference Paper
The In-time Aviation Safety Management System Concept for Part 135 Operators
Transformations of the National Airspace System, such as envisioned with Advanced Air Mobility, will enable improvements for managing and assuring safety for Part 135 transportation of passengers and …
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2022 · Journal article (JAAER)
SMS for Part 135 Commuter and On-Demand Operations - The Practitioner’s Perspective
On May 15th, 2017, N452DA, a Learjet 35A operated by Trans-Pacific Air Charter, LLC, departed from Philadelphia to Teterboro, New Jersey (TEB) on a positioning flight under 14 Code of Federal Regulati…
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Reports 2021 · Accident report
Crash of Atlas Air Flight 3591, Boeing 767-300 (N1217A)
Atlas Air 3591 crashed into Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019. Investigation of the in-flight loss-of-control crash of Atlas Air 3591 into Trinity Bay, Texas.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2020 · Journal article (IJAAA)
Analysis of Part 135 Aircraft Accidents to Facilitate Flight Data Monitoring
The scheduled and on-demand air services with Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 135 certificate are operating with relatively less stringent safety program criteria compared to Part 121 …
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