NTSB CAROL · Event
Event LAX94LA385
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The student pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
Factual narrative
On September 24, 1994, at 1330 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 152, N89546, sustained substantial damage during a hard landing at the Fallbrook, California, airport. The aircraft was operated by Four Winds Aviation, Inc., of Carlsbad, California, and was rented by the pilot for a local area solo instructional flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed. The student pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. The flight originated at the Carlsbad Palomar airport on the day of the accident at 1200 hours. According to the operator, the 37-hour student pilot was practicing in the local area and returned to the Carlsbad Palomar airport. While in the traffic pattern, the airport runway was closed due to a disabled aircraft and the pilot diverted to Fallbrook to await the reopening of the Carlsbad runway. The aircraft landed hard at Fallbrook, porpoised, and broke off the nose gear strut, damaging the engine firewall. The operator stated that the pilot has been endorsed for solo flights to the Fallbrook airport and has landed there before. THE STUDENT PILOT WAS PRACTICING IN THE LOCAL AREA AND RETURNED TO THE CARLSBAD PALOMAR AIRPORT. WHILE IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN, THE AIRPORT RUNWAY WAS CLOSED DUE TO A DISABLED AIRCRAFT AND THE PILOT DIVERTED TO FALLBROOK TO AWAIT THE REOPENING OF THE CARLSBAD RUNWAY. THE AIRCRAFT LANDED HARD AT FALLBROOK, PORPOISED, AND BROKE OFF THE NOSE GEAR STRUT, DAMAGING THE ENGINE FIREWALL. THE OPERATOR STATED THAT THE PILOT HAS BEEN ENDORSED FOR SOLO FLIGHTS TO THE FALLBROOK AIRPORT AND HAS LANDED THERE BEFORE. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database (Pre-2008 Archive) Retrieved: 2026-02-12
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_1994_LAX94LA385.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type or causal vocabulary (icing). Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- NASA NTRS 2026 · Contractor Report (CR)
Icing Physics Studies Using the 3D SIDRM Test Article: 2023 Icing Tests Analysis
In-flight icing is an important safety issue and is a factor that affects aircraft design and performance. Newer regulations are driving a need for improvements in airframe and engine icing simulation…
- arXiv 2025 · arXiv preprint
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for UAV-Assisted 5G Network Slicing: A Comparative Study of MAPPO, MADDPG, and MADQN
The growing demand for robust, scalable wireless networks in the 5G-and-beyond era has led to the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as mobile base stations to enhance coverage in dense urb…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2025 · Journal article (JAAER)
A Mathematical Model on the Temporal Dynamics of Aviation Competitive Pricing
This study investigates the competitive dynamics of airport pricing using U.S. airport data to validate the findings. It employs linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equation models to analyze t…
- NASA NTRS 2025 · Presentation
NASA Icing Update – March 2025
This NASA Icing Update was prepared for presentation to the SAE International AC-9C Inflight Icing Technology Committee. This update includes the following topics: planned Rotational Icing Scaling tes…
- arXiv 2024 · arXiv preprint
An energy-stable phase-field model for droplet icing simulations
A phase-field model for three-phase flows is established by combining the Navier-Stokes (NS) and the energy equations, with the Allen-Cahn (AC) and Cahn-Hilliard (CH) equations and is demonstrated ana…
- NASA NTRS 2024 · Presentation
NASA Icing Update – Oct 2024
This presentation provides a status update on select NASA icing research activities for the SAE AC-9C Icing Technical Committee Meeting on Oct 21, 2024.
Browse the full corpus — academia portal ↗