NTSB CAROL · Event
Event GAA19CA400
Registry · N998DM
FAA Aircraft Registry record.
Make / Model
BEECH D95A
Year of manufacture
1967 · 52 years old at event
Engine
LYCOMING I0360 SER (180 hp)
Seats / Engines
6 seats · 2 engines
Last airworthiness date
19670526
ADS-B equipped
Yes — Mode-S ADF0B2
Registrant of record
D & S AVIATION LLC
Source: FAA Aircraft Registry (releasable master file).
Aircraft involved
Probable cause & findings
The airplane’s impact with a bird.
Factual narrative
The flight instructor reported that, about three minutes after they had leveled off, "a black vulture" struck the windscreen. The airplane returned to the airport and landed. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the windscreen. The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The flight instructor reported that, about 3 minutes after the airplane was leveled off, "a black vulture" struck the windscreen. Subsequently, he returned to the airport and landed. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the windscreen. The instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. Source: NTSB Aviation Accident Database Retrieved: 2026-02-12
NTSB Findings
Hierarchical cause / factor breakdown from the FAA bulk avdata database. Each finding tagged C (Cause) or F (Factor).
- C Environmental issues-Physical environment-Object/animal/substance-Animal(s)/bird(s)-Ability to respond/compensate - C
- C Environmental issues-Physical environment-Object/animal/substance-Animal(s)/bird(s)-Effect on operation - C
Verbatim from NTSB's published report. Source file
NTSB_2019_GAA19CA400.txt.
Findings + structured fields enriched from FAA avall.mdb.
Full investigation docket on
data.ntsb.gov ↗.
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Related research
What the literature says.
Academic papers and agency reports matching this event's aircraft type. Sourced from NASA NTRS, NTSB Safety Studies, FAA CAMI, AOPA Air Safety Institute, Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons, arXiv, and the Semantic Scholar academic graph.
- arXiv 2026 · arXiv preprint
Model-Reference Adaptive Flight Control of the 95-mg Bee++
We introduce a model-reference adaptive control (MRAC) architecture for high-performance positional tracking of the Bee++, a 95-mg insect-scale flapping-wing aerial vehicle.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 2022 · Journal article (JAAER)
A Panel Study of Outsourced Maintenance Impact on Major U.S. Passenger Airlines' Profitability (1995-2019)
This study investigates eight viable United States major passenger airlines' outsourced maintenance impact on profitability between 1995 and 2019 by using panel data analysis.
- Semantic Scholar 2018 · Article (Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance)
Cardiac Inflight Incapacitations of U.S. Airline Pilots: 1995-2015.
INTRODUCTION Inflight medical incapacitations are rare events that can result in the loss of lives and aircraft. The potential for an in-flight medical event deserves the attention of certification au…
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 1995 · Industry report (AQRR)
Airline Quality Rating 1995
The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline performance on combined multiple factors important to consumers.
- Embry-Riddle Scholarly Commons 1994 · Journal article (JAAER)
Postsecondary Aviation Programs in the United States: 1950 and 1985
This study examined aviation programs in accredited postsecondary institutions in the United States for the years 1950 and 1985.
- NASA NTRS 2016 · Conference Paper
Controlling Air Traffic (Simulated) in the Presence of Automation (CATS PAu) 1995: A Study of Measurement Techniques for Situation Awareness in Air Traffic Control
As automated systems proliferate in aviation systems, human operators are taking on less and less of an active role in the jobs they once performed, often reducing what should be important jobs to tas…
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